Integrated+View+of+SLA



** An Integrated View of Second Language Acquisition **


 * ** Stage 1: **
 * Apperceived Input ** || ** Approaches: **
 * Innate- language learning is a natural process and innate to all people
 * Natural- students acquire a language in a predictable order
 * Contextual Factors- language, learner, and learning process
 * Interactionist- English language learners must interact with others in order to learn the language.


 * Explanation: ** English language learners are exposed to L2. Input is related to prior knowledge. Students begin to realize new information in L2 is not yet acquired. || ** Materials and Resources Needed: **
 * Pictures
 * Board games
 * Songs
 * Picture books
 * Illustrations
 * Total physical response
 * Flash cards
 * Art supplies
 * Videos ||
 * ** Stage 2: Comprehended Input ** || ** Approaches: **
 * Innate
 * Natural
 * Interactionist
 * Communicative- students are given real-life situations in order to communicate


 * Explanation: ** The learner continues to acquire new information about the language. The students not only recognize new information, but begin to analyze it. || ** Materials and Resources Needed: **
 * Charades
 * Dialogues
 * Graphic organizers
 * Songs
 * Early reading books
 * Illustrations
 * Picture books
 * Videos
 * Slide shows
 * Pictures ||
 * ** Stage 3: Comprehended Integration ** || ** Approaches: **
 * Innate
 * Natural
 * Interactionist
 * Structural- students analyze meaning of language through phonological units, grammatical units, grammatical operations, and lexical elements


 * Explanation: ** Information is analyzed and stored. Integration transpires through L1 knowledge, L2 knowledge, and language universals. Mismatches and mistakes do occur. || ** Materials and Resources Needed: **


 * Audio stories
 * Manipulatives
 * Books
 * Sentence strips
 * Cooperative learning activities
 * Computer games
 * Video clips
 * High order thinking questions
 * Discussions
 * Dialogues ||
 * ** Stage 4: Output ** || ** Approaches: **
 * Interactionist
 * Structural
 * Communicative
 * Lexical- language is learned in “chunks”
 * Task-based- the teacher does not predetermine what aspect of language will be studied. The lesson is determined on what was learned through a specific task.


 * Explanation: ** Output involves speaking coherently in L2. It also requires speaking for a variety of purposes including academic, personal interactions, and general communication || ** Materials and Resources Needed: **
 * Grammar books
 * Jigsaw method
 * Computer activities
 * Research via books or internet
 * Reading books
 * Videos
 * Cooperative learning activities
 * High order thinking questions
 * Discussion
 * Analyzing a text or passage
 * Graphic Organizers ||
 * ** Suggestions and Tips for Teachers ** || ** Approaches for Beginners / Limited English Proficiency **
 * Innate
 * Natural
 * Interactionist
 * Contextual Factors


 * Approaches for Moderate English Proficiency **
 * Interactionist
 * Communicative
 * Task-based


 * Approaches for Younger ESL Student **
 * Interactionist
 * Innate
 * Natural


 * Approaches for Middle School **
 * Task-based
 * Communicative
 * Interactionist
 * Structural
 * Approaches for High School **
 * Task-based
 * Communicative
 * Interactionist
 * Structural || ** Materials and Resources Needed for Beginner and Younger Students: **


 * Songs
 * Board Games
 * Art supplies
 * Charades
 * Pictures
 * Videos
 * Total physical response
 * Picture books
 * Illustrations
 * Flashcards

Cook, V. //Krashen’s Comprehension Hypothesis of L2 Learning.// Retrieved from []
 * Materials and Resources Needed for Moderate, middle, school, and high school students. **
 * Grammar books
 * Dictionary
 * Videos
 * Computer activities
 * Research via books or internet
 * Cooperative learning activities
 * Dialogue
 * Jigsaw method
 * Discussion questions
 * High order thinking questions
 * Graphic Organizers
 * Analyzing a passage or text
 * Books ||
 * Resources**

//Formal Approaches to Second Language Acquisition.// Retrieved from []

Gass and Selinker. //An Integrated view of SLA//. Retrieved from []

(2011). //Mrs. Siehs ESL Wiki.// Retrieved from http://mrs-siehs-esl-wiki.wikispaces.com/Integrated+View+of+SLA

//SLA Classroom Applications.// Retrieved from []

(2004). //Task-based Approach.// Retrieved from []

(1999) //The Structural View of Language//. Retrieved from []



** Contact Information: **
 * Elena Heath
 * Humphreys County ESL Coordinator
 * heathe@hcss.org